
101
Audio Compression – Audio Codec
Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)
• Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) is a standardized encoding mechanism for digital
audio that uses lossy compression. AAC generally offers better sound quality
than MP3 at many bit rates. AAC encoding compresses more efficiently and thus
produces higher quality audio with smaller file sizes.
Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR)
• Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) is an audio data compression scheme optimized for
speech coding. AMR is now widely used in GSM and UMTS. It uses link
adaptation to select from one of eight different bit rates based on link conditions.
Adaptive Differential Pulse-Code Modulation (ADPCM)
• ADPCM (adaptive differential pulse-code modulation) is a technique for
converting sound or analog information to digital information by taking frequent
samples of the sound and converting the value of the sampled sound modulation
in binary terms. ADPCM is used to send sound on fiber-optic long-distance lines
to store sound together with text, images, and codes to CD-ROM or other media.
IP Surveillance Essential
• Audio
102
Field of View
There are three types of surveillance camera’s field of view:
• Normal View
Normal view offers the same field of view with human eye.
• Telephoto
Telephoto offers narrower field of view as compared to human eye, but better details of
image. This type of view is usually used for small or far surveillance object.
• Wide Angle
Wide angle offers wider field of view as compared to human eye, but lesser details of image.
This type is usually used for viewing larger areas of surveillance.
IP Surveillance Essential
• Lens Elements
Wide Angle Normal View Telephoto
103
Field of View
There are three types of lens categorized based on how their field of view is
adjusted:
• Fixed lens
This type of lens provides fixed focal length and only supports one field of view,
either of telephoto, normal or wide angle, and is usually designed for optimal
resolution. A fixed IP camera usually has 4 mm focal length.
• Verifocal lens
This type of lens provides a variety of vocal length and supports different fields of
view. A verifocal IP camera offers a range of 3 mm to 8 mm focal length. One
limitation of such lens is that users need to manually refocus the lens every time
they change the field of view of the camera.
• Zoom lens
Similar to verifocal lens, Zoom lens gives users the flexibility of adjusting the
focal length and field of view. With zoom lens, users do not need to refocus the
lens when they adjust the focal length. A lens zoom capability is the ratio
between the lens’ shortest and longest focal length, for example in the case of an
8x-zoom, the shortest focal length will be 6 mm and the longest 48 mm.
IP Surveillance Essential
• Lens Elements
104
Matching Lens and Sensor
When an IP camera offers an exchangeable lens feature, selecting a
suitable lens for the camera is one of the most important factor in order to
fully utilize the camera’s capability.
If a smaller lens is used instead of the one that actually fits the image
sensor of the camera, the resulting image will have black corners (Left
Image below). If a larger lens is used instead of the one that actually fits the
image sensor of the camera, it will not fully utilize the lens’ field of view
(Right Image below), and will have a smaller field of field than the lens’
capability.
IP Surveillance Essential
• Lens Elements
1/2” Sensor
Black
Corner
2/3” Lens
1/2” Lens
1/3” Lens
1/2” Sensor1/2” Sensor
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